Ongoing research projects

 

 

Fitness consequences of trait-mediated interactions between the invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera, native plants and their pollinators

Project duration: 2024-2027

Funded by: German Research Foundation (DFG)

This project is part of the DFG collaborative project “Fitness Landscapes of biotic INTeractions and their role for eco-evolutionary biodiversity dynamics: towards theory-based synthesis across interaction types (FLINT)”. FLINT aims to narrow the gap between theoretical and empirical research on the effect of biotic interactions on biodiversity dynamics. In this empirical project, we focus on the fitness consequences of interactions between plants and their pollinators. Plant-pollinator interactions can be strongly altered by the arrival of a new dominant species such as an invasive plant. So far, little is known about the impact of invasive plants on pollinator fitness. Moreover, there are conflicting results on how pollinators mediate interactions between invasive and native plants. These pollinator-mediated interactions can either be negative if invaders compete for pollinators or positive if native plants benefit from the spill-over of pollinators attracted to invaders. In this project we aim to reconcile these seemingly conflicting findings by analyzing how traits determine fitness consequences for invasive plants, native plants and pollinators.

Spatial scaling of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in rainforest transformation landscapes

Project duration: 2024-2027

Funded by: German Research Foundation (DFG)

In this project we synthesize ecological and economic data from the 12-year interdisciplinary project CRC 990 “Ecological and socioeconomic functions of tropical lowland rainforest transformation systems, Sumatra (Indonesia)”. In Phase 3 of EFForTS, a major field campaign of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in the framework of the EFForTS Landscape Assessment (EFForTS-LA) was conducted, covering 124 study sites and hundreds of smallholder households across Jambi Province, Indonesia. We will 1) determine how land use at local and landscape scales affects above- and belowground taxa and ecosystem functions in rainforest and agricultural systems; 2) predict variation in biodiversity and ecosystem functions from airborne LiDAR data; 3) relate alpha, beta, and gamma diversity to environmental variation and land use; 4) coordinate bird studies in a long-term oil palm restoration experiment and 5) collaborate with economists and modelers to identify landscapes that provide high multifunctionality and mitigate trade-offs between socioeconomic and ecological goods.

BRIGHT-Futures: Bright spots in agriculture - learning from today's role models for a sustainable future

Project duration: 2024-2027

Funded by: Anton & Petra Ehrmann Foundation

The aim of the interdisciplinary project led by Prof Verena Seufert, Prof Andreas Schweiger and Prof Ingo Grass is to identify ecologically, economically and socially sustainable agricultural systems in order to learn from these "bright spots" for the future of agriculture. The studies are being carried out in four international project regions: Kerala (India), Oaxaca (Mexico), Western Kenya and Southern Germany.

Agricultural development pathways for nutrition-sensitive and biodiversity-smart landscapes in Africa

Project duration: 2023-2024

Funded by: Foundation fiat panis

Motivated by the need to reduce poverty and hunger, agricultural development is high on the policy agenda of most African countries, as exemplified by the Agenda 2063 of the African Union. Poverty and hunger are particularly widespread among farm households, which constitute the majority of the population. While agricultural development is much needed to improve livelihoods, it often clashes with biodiversity conservation. Sustainable intensification (SI) and agroecology (AE) may provide ways out of the trade-off between increases in agricultural productivity at the expense of biodiversity.

In this project, we combine socioeconomic and agroecological studies to examine the two alternative development trajectories SI and AE in a joint research framework, enabling insights into how to most efficiently minimize trade-offs and harness synergies between agricultural development, food security, and biodiversity conservation. We specifically investigate how do the two development trajectories affect food and nutrition security and biodiversity conservation as well as other aspects of sustainability (e.g., poverty, labor burden, well-being, resilience), and whether the trajectories minimize trade-offs and maximize synergies between food security and biodiversity conservation. The project strongly emphasizes stakeholder involvement and policy outreach to contribute to development efforts that are better suited to combat hunger in Zambia and beyond. The project is carried out in collaboration with Prof Dr. Thomas Daum (School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Sweden) and Dr. Mary Lubungu and Fwasa Singogo (both at Indaba Agricultural Policy Research Institute, Lusaka, Zambia) and is funded by the Foundation fiat panis.

Project duration: 2022-2027

Funded by: Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-Württemberg

The cooperate doctoral college "Leverage points for a Transformation of Agricultural Landscapes: from Biodiversity Loss to Biodiversity Enhancement (HABIT)" is a joint project of the University of Hohenheim (UHOH) and the Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Applied Sciences (HfWU). The aim is to gain scientifically sound and practically applicable insights into how a trend reversal for the progressive loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes can be achieved. In our subproject, we are investigating how participatory landscape design can succeed in optimising both biodiversity and other important functions of the agricultural landscape. 

Project duration: 2022-2024

Funded by: Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

The Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems is involved in the NOcsPS collaborative project at the University of Hohenheim. The aim of the BMBF-funded project is the development and analysis of a new cultivation system without chemical-synthetic pesticides but with optimized use of mineral fertilizers with innovative cultivation and utilization measures from the perspective of all relevant fields of agricultural science. At the same time, the opportunities and effects of such a radical changeover are to be analyzed at the level of individual plants, fields, farms and regions. Our department focuses on studies on the biodiversity of insects and spiders in the NOcsPS cropping system. Link to subproject description

Completed research projects

 

 

In subproject B09 we investigate patterns and dynamics of aboveground biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions in rainforest transformation systems. Here we compare rainforests with smallholder land-use systems (rubber, oil palm) on Sumatra, Indonesia. In two large-scale experiments, we also investigate 1) whether biodiversity enrichment with planted tree islands and 2) avoiding herbicides and reducing fertilizers increase the biodiversity and functions of oil palm plantations - without compromising their productivity. In further investigations, we explore the role of the landscape context (composition, configuration) for local ecosystem processes and socio-economic trade-offs and synergies. More details on the subproject

In subproject C11 we perform an integrated analysis of socio-economic and ecosystem functions, aggregated at the scale of the local rural economy. We establish an Environmental and Social Accounting Matrix (ESAMs) to aggregate and link existing and future EFForTS data on socio-economic and ecosystem functions. Based on this accounting framework the project evaluates the effects of land-use change scenarios and policies (e.g. certifications schemes, land management regulations) on ecological and socio-economic functions. The project extends the socio-economic analyses to include large-scale plantations and integrates the plantation-based experiments. More details on the subproject

In subproject B01 we investigate the consequences of urbanization on biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem services - using the megacity Bangalore (India) as a case system. Along the rural-urban interface of Bangalore, we study bird and insect communities as well as pollination and biological pest control in vegetable cropping systems. In cooperation with the economic subprojects of the research unit we relate socioeconomic developments and demographic variation of farm households to their farming practices and the related biodiversity outcomes. More details on the subproject

The Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural systems participates in a synthesis project of the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC; University of Maryland & NSF). Within this pursuit, we aim to answer the question whether and how agricultural diversification contributes to socially and ecologically more sustainable land-use practices. Link to project description

Landscape heterogeneity plays a key role in maintaining biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. Within the framework of the Land4Biodiversity project, we investigate how the composition and configuration of the agricultural landscape influence the diversity of wild bees, birds and bats as well as crop pollination and pest predation. Link to project description

In work package 3 of SALLnet we examine two production-relevant ecosystem services (pollination and biocontrol) and their potential trade-offs in macadamia systems. The influence of land use change and climate change is tested through extensive field studies on macadamia orchards along anthropogenic and natural gradients. To quantify ecosystem services, enclosure experiments are carried out on each orchard to quantify the services of predators (birds, bats) and of pollinators (bees and other flower visitors). More details on the subproject

In contrast to global trends, smallholder subsistence farming continues to play a major role in Madagascar’s forest-agriculture frontiers. Here, knowledge on sustainable land use management to aid biodiversity conservation is urgently needed. In subproject 8 we address this research gap by assessing the value of small-scale vanilla production for biodiversity conservation in Northeastern Madagascar. Using butterflies, ants and herbaceous plants as focus taxa, we perform a biodiversity comparison of the prevalent land use systems in the region, and assess predation patterns as a proxy for ecosystem integrity and ecosystem service provision. Highlighting the importance of land-conversion history for local biodiversity, we contrast biodiversity of differently managed vanilla plots (fallow derived vs. forest derived). More details on the subproject